Moroccans also consider Fez to be a Jewish city. The “Jewishness” of Fez and its population often entails two claims. First, Fez was home to Morocco’s original segregated Jewish quarter (est. 1438), which later became known as the mellah. Second, some of the most renowned Muslim families of Fez had Jewish origins. Family names like Ben-Choukr

Those who performed circumcisions were the mohels. Finally, some rabbis were singers and sang liturgical songs in Hebrew on all festive occasions, in the synagogues on Saturdays and holidays, and for wedding ceremonies, tifilim (bar mitzva), circumcisions, etc. These singers were called paytanim. It was customary to make offerings on the Sabbath (o

The exact reasons for and date of the establishment of a separate Jewish quarter in Fez are not firmly agreed upon by all scholars. Historical accounts confirm that in the mid-XIVth century the Jews of Fez were still living in Fez al-Bali but that by the end of the XVIth century they were well established in the Mellah of Fez aj-Jdid. (23) Some aut

In these unstable times, an approach centred on dialogue and cooperation rather than confrontation is crucial. Both Japan and China — as major players in the Asia Pacific region — share a responsibility to contribute to the broader peace and prosperity of the East Asia region and the international community. By fostering mutual trust and workin

Lastly, although an image-reality comparison cannot be carried out in the environmental domain owing to lack of perception data, it is worth pointing out the progress that Madrid has made in this area in recent years, which, apart from the ongoing improvement in air quality, is reflected by such acknowledgements as its inclusion by the European Com